Teaching young children book. Grays, Fanica Young, Danica Moise, Sharde Theodore.

We’ve rounded up a sample of 35. TYC Contributors. As we teach young children with visual impairments/blindness to write braille, our approach needs to be developmental. Lesley Koustaff, Susan Rivers, Kathleen Kampa, Charles Vilina, Kenna Bourke and Victoria Tebbs. Includes: Instant access to eTextbook. Oct 4, 2006 · Abstract. Mar 28, 2022 · 13 Books That Inspire and Encourage Young Readers. philosophy that teaching (and learning) can be fun, easy and effortless. Respectful Ninja. Emphasize cell phone Resources / Publications / Teaching Young Children / Winter 2022. The child-friendly language and cheerful illustrations are empowering to young children. Teaching Young Children presents early childhoodstudents and staff with a broadand diverse range of teaching techniques tosupport children s learning. The Big Umbrella by Amy June Bates. Other titles in the series include Animals, Space, Ocean, How, Who and more. This article argues, first, that early childhood educators must remain fluent in the use of literature that supports young children's psychosocial development. Charis L. Oct 19, 2023 · 4. The Shine Books series features books written specifically about special needs and how children can navigate everything from dyslexia to OCD. The Perfect Seat, by Minh Lê, illustrated by Gus Gordon. Young Children Stay up to date with research-based, teacher-focused articles on birth to age 8 in our award-winning, peer-reviewed journal. Credit: Terrell Clark for The Hechinger Report. Whether it’s a book about people who are different from your About the Book. In either case, your interest and curiosity are two key characteristics that will make this a positive growth experience for you. The book includes reading assignments for kids in grades K-8. Teaching young children to make picture books provides the opportunity to both record and to share personal experiences in a unique format. Dan is a member of a blended family that includes wife, Dr. Buy on Amazon. #EquityinECE. Use children's literature: There’s a wealth of children's books that can be read aloud and independently to approach the topic of bias, diversity, and social justice. tw cyh1111@gmail. Keep scrolling for a selection of diverse books that feature messages of Linda Forbringer, Andrea Hettinger, and Emma Reichert, in “Using the Picture Book Extra Yarn to Differentiate Common Core Math Instruction,” describe three teachers who used the children’s book as a starting point for meaningful hands-on mathematics instruction. Place books in the literacy center and in other learning centers. Self-Regulation and Executive Function: Responsive and Informed Practices for Early Childhood. Vol. Like strong-minded children everywhere, it takes a great deal of convincing for Sam to try a new dish. Priya: A Panda with Dyspraxia. Little Kids First Big Book of Birds and Bugs by Catherine D. —Ben Mardell, Professor of Early Childhood Education, Lesley University The debates are over—or they should be. Wilder, Ashley Y. A moose parent and child hunt all around the city in pursuit of the perfect seat to read a new book. Observe and challenge at the right level for the individual This is a comprehensive book for those who want to understand, teach, and model nutrition, health, safety, and wellness with young children and their families. NAEYC promotes high-quality early learning for all children, birth through age 8, by connecting practice, policy, and research. Two powerful modes of thought and expression, the linguistic and the visual, are naturally integrated in the process of picture bookmaking. Oct 20, 2009 · Techniques for Teaching Young Children: choices for theory &practice (3rd Edition) Paperback – October 20, 2009 by Glenda MacNaughton (Author), Gillian Williams (Author) 5. Ideas that support the development and learning of every preschooler. A clear and thoughtful how-to guide to teaching young children. Second, while most stranger danger programs teach that strangers are scary and mean and want to hurt or abduct Aug 20, 2019 · There are many ways to teach children empathy and understanding, and one very simple yet powerful approach is through books. Step Two: Connect. These are all essential components of peacemaking. Addressing challenging behavior is a daily concern for early childhood educators. Teaching Young Children is organized around five essential elements of early education—understanding child development, play, guidance, working with families and communities, and diversity. Thumbnail: Girl in red hat holding book. Apr 1, 2024 · 7. You can take a basket with a variety of books outdoors. 22 Young Children Winter 2021 Individuality and Inclusive Practices for Early Childhood Teaching Young Children About Disability Sue Mankiw Mrs. The Wall by Eve Bunting. Empowering Educators & Programs: A Blueprint for Excellence. Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Second, teachers must establish criteria for choice. Kristie Pretti-Frontczak to schedule training for your program. Abstract. 38. [This package includes the Enhanced Pearson eText and the bound book version. Introduction. Teaching Young Children is NAEYC's magazine for anyone who works with preschoolers. Jul 28, 2021 · 3. Mail: Complete and send this subscription form to NAEYC Subscriptions, P. Mar 30, 2020 · Research shows young children need explicit, systematic phonics instruction to learn how to read fluently. It’s estimated that roughly 10 to 14 percent of children from birth to 5 years old demonstrate serious behavioral concerns, resulting in significant impacts to their learning and social interactions. 9. To foster trust and confidence, let that child know that Nov 1, 2008 · This book presents early childhood students and staff with a broad and diverse range of teaching techniques to support children's learning. Highlights: Contains mini-books. ”. Walk around the room using the hula hoop as a guide for how much space they have between things and people. By way of example, it examines two popular books for young children, Sendak's (1963) NAEYC publishes well-respected books that reflect the latest research on a range of topics in early childhood education. Use free printable books of the Bible cards to do a wild and fun activity based on the table game “Spoons. You may need to focus on a single verse, key phrase, or word. D. Practical suggestions that are easy to implement. Young children may not be able to read very much, but you can still engage them in learning from the scriptures. Louise Derman-Sparks and Julie Olsen Edwards, with Catherine M. The arts have an essential place in preschool education. Read more about anti-bias education. Print awareness is a catch-all term for the basic rules that govern early childhood literacy and how children learn to understand words. NAEYC is committed to providing the best possible resources to support effective teaching and learning for children. Read 5 Tips for teaching music to children to learn how to teach piano to kids and get them excited about learning. She is coauthor of several books, including Leading Anti-Bias Early Childhood Programs: A Guide for Change, Anti-Bias Education for Young Children and Ourselves, and Teaching/Learning Anti-Racism: A Developmental Approach. Brown’s class of 4 ‑year‑old children arrives at its destination. Authored by: Tahnee L. The text offers an excellent blend of theory and practice by describing and demonstrating teaching techniques used in early childhood education, ranging from the simple to the complex. Minimum 4-month term, pay monthly or pay $67. Pause, tune in to yourself and the moment, and consider how you might need to adjust to create a “just-right” fit with a child. 95. Learn about and purchase the best books and resources to support young children's learning and development. Educators demonstrate and model their commitment to a caring learning community through their actions, attitudes, and curiosity. First, the transfer of knowledge about how to handle strangers in real life to those in virtual environments is not automatic. parent. King Rocks. 0 out of 5 stars 1 rating Oct 9, 2023 · Here are my top activities and games your children can play to promote sharing and turn-taking. Hawkins (a White male and first-year teacher) rings a chime to get the children’s attention and announces, “Boys and girls Writing for Young Children. For example, games synchronized with music and others moving in the same way (e. It’s so important for our children (and for us!) to know where wisdom starts: by knowing and fearing (reverencing, not being scared of) the Lord! 2. Henniger and published by Pearson. Grab an apple and share these five truths with your kids: About the Book. This books of the Bible game naturally helps kids review the books and their categories, and it’s flexible length–so you can even use it to fill extra time as needed. In the guidelines that follow, these May 7, 2024 · Newspaper Dancing – Mrs. Ed Emberley offers tons of drawing books for kids, but we’re partial to this simple and sweet option. Too often, educators are simply told they need to teach early literacy without being provided with support for how to engage young children in meaningful and developmentally appropriate learning experiences. Acknowledge children’s peacemaking skills. Context is one of the most important parts of choosing a book. Jan 1, 2018 · TEACHING YOUNG CHILDREN IN MULTICULTURAL CLASSROOMS: ISSUES, CONCEPTS, AND STRATEGIES, 5th Edition, covers the historical, theoretical, political, and sociological aspects of multicultural education as it relates to young children. I’ll walk you through the simple lesson below the photo. This book is filled with evidence-based and easy-to-implement teaching practices that educators can put into practice immediately. Hughes. History books for preschoolers Jan 17, 2023 · Introducing these concepts can be both difficult and rewarding, giving children a chance to embrace new ideas, vocabulary, and ways of learning, while building cognitive skills and creativity at once. Little Kids First Big Book of the Rainforest by Moira Rose Donohue. And honestly, even older kids can have an “aha” moment reading this book. Q&A with experts and AI tutor. , Mary Louise Hemmeter, Ph. Buy it: The Big Umbrella on Amazon. Michael L. They recognize that through their actions, they are influencing children’s lifelong dispositions, confidence, and approaches to learning. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Teaching Young Children: An Introduction are 9780134013848, 0134013840 and the print ISBNs are 9780134569994, 0134569997. Pexels. Children’s book recommendations. When we acknowledge and label these actions, we show children how to recognize and value their own capacities for peacemaking: “Wow, Maria figured I am looking forward to using this book in the classes I teach. ―Ben Mardell, Professor of Early Childhood Education, Lesley University. This is a great book for introducing English vocabulary and grammar. We need to look at readiness for formal instruction, and then we need to adjust our pacing, expectations, and activities according to the learning needs of young children. Julie Jochum, five children aged 34 to 47, and eleven grand children. Feb 27, 2017 · Teaching Young Children: An Introduction, 6th edition. Language Level: Beginner to Upper-Intermediate (A1 - B2) A six-level primary course for young learners, based on the tried and trusted inquiry based methodology. Part 1: Nurturing Your Own Empathy and Understanding Behavior. This cute children’s math book starts with a little monster patiently waiting for guests to arrive at the birthday party. Teaching kids to read isn’t easy; educators often feel strongly about what they think is the “right” way to teach this essential skill. Mr. The Sound of Kindness by Amy Ludwig VanDerwater. (Unsplash License; via ) If you are reading this, you’re likely interested in learning more about becoming an early childhood professional. Young Children is a peer-reviewed journal from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). 0 out of 5 stars Teaching Young Children a Second Language Reviewed in the United States on December 11, 2006 This is an outstanding resource book for anyone interested in the education of young second language learners. As someone who researches children’s literature, I think we’d have fewer conflicts in the world if we all read more diverse Jun 8, 2024 · This text is great for information on teaching English to young children. Your children might also enjoy acting out the story a few times. Educators use their knowledge of each child and family to make learning Resources / Publications / Teaching Young Children / Winter 2023. Read it, and then leave an umbrella propped by your classroom door as a reminder to be inclusive. You might also use “Chapter 1: How We Got the Book of Mormon” (in Book of Mormon Stories, 2–4). Dec 23, 2021 · We investigated how gender is represented in children’s books using a novel 200,000-word corpus comprising 247 popular, contemporary books for young children. They may even be able to memorize short phrases from the scriptures if they repeat them a few times. Using adult human judgments and word co-occurrence data, we quantified gender biases of words in individual books and in the whole corpus. Paperback in English. 3. 0733900763 9780733900761. 1. No matter your own skills in the arts, this Short vignettes help students better understand young children; numerous practical examples of developmentally appropriate strategies provide tools for actual classroom teaching; and supplemental resources assist instructors in presenting the course. Teaching Young Children (TYC), NAEYC’s award-winning magazine for classroom educators, highlights current thinking on best practices in early childhood education, innovations in the field, research and its implications, and interesting ideas for and from preschool teachers. Just Read! by Lori Degman, illustrated by Victoria Tentler-Krylov. If the problem is not challenging or accessible enough for students, think about ways to revise the problem. Ed Emberley’s Great Thumbprint Drawing Book by Ed Emberley. $16. The book offers practical guidance to early childhood educators (including parents) for confronting barriers of prejudice, misinformation, and bias about specific aspects of personal and social identity; most importantly, it includes tips for adults and children to respect each other, themselves, and all people. It needs to be taught. Through her writing, video production, and professional development experiences, Judy encourages early Nov 30, 2006 · 5. . Katey Howes, author of the children's book “Rissy No Kissies,” added that kids are never too young to learn about autonomy, boundaries and consent. Engaging activities. This article argues, first, that early childhood Dec 20, 2023 · Techniques for Teaching Young Children. Search, highlight, notes, and more. Because each and every child deserves to succeed. Mar 22, 2024 · 256 Pages – 05/26/2020 (Publication Date) – DK Children (Publisher) $17. Published four times a year, each issue offers practical, research-based articles on timely topics of interest. —Benita Flores-Munoz, Professor of Child Development, Del Mar College Schools are complex organizations and young children are complex human beings. Expert video lessons and practice questions. Our readers work with or on behalf of young children from birth through age 8. Jan 19, 2012 · It’s an engaging introduction to practical developmentally appropriate practice. Engage with families about the importance of media literacy education for young children. 16, No. One of the bestselling ESL kids books in the market, English for Everyone Junior is a comprehensive beginners’ English course for children ages 6 to 9. Dec 27, 2018 · Teaching young children : an introduction Bookreader Item Preview The original book is printed faintly. In this thoroughly updated edition, students are easily able to read and understand the essentials of early childhood education. Qty: Jul 4, 2017 · *E-book: Teaching for the Democratic Life Skills (forthcomsing, NAEYC 2013) He has presented over 300 keynotes, workshops, and trainings in many states, Germany, and Mexico. Young Children. Aug 21, 2020 · 7 Books for Teaching Young Children How to Be Great Leaders. The class is getting ready for their morning meeting, and Niles, a 4-year-old Black boy, and Rachel, a 4-year-old White girl, sit next to each other on the carpet after playing together in the dramatic play area. The second edition of this bestselling text shows early childhood teachers how to blend the best of special and general education, develop effective curricula, and improve outcomes for children with and without disabilities. Creating young thinkers with great futures. Selecting books to support mathematical thinking: First, find books that have a worthy math problem to discuss or a story to connect to a math problem in your curriculum. NAEYC To help children understand the purpose of different types of texts, a typical preschool classroom should include 1/3 narrative, 1/3 informational, and 1/3 other kinds of texts (Duke 2007). Feb 6, 2017 · Getting diverse books into the hands of young readers. Each chapter comes with small books to assist students in the early stages of literacy. Once there are 50 guests, Monster Mom has had enough, and they begin to leave. Louise Derman-Sparks, MA, has worked with children and adults in early childhood education for more than 50 years and is a faculty emerita of Pacific Oaks College. Techniques for teaching young children: choices in theory and practice. ] By examining media through a literacy lens, this book will show you ways to. Plan activities to engage children in meaningful media discussions. The series includes the following books: Dylan: A Dog with Dyslexia. This issue of Young Children offers content for where you are in your professional development. Be sure to teach your child to use phrases such as “May I,” “Fine, thank you; and how are you?” says Patricia Rossi, author of Everyday Etiquette. Have them stand in the center of their hoop, holding it around their waste. Issue. Mar 9, 2021 · Probably not, but the book will definitely get kids discussing what healthy nutrition really looks like. These are a few manners all kids should know. What is the best book to learn piano? Alfred Series May 7, 2022 · This is “Your Everything Guide” to teaching your children good reading habits. Grays, Fanica Young, Danica Moise, Sharde Theodore. Beyond buying the best piano books for beginners, a good piano teacher needs a few good tips and tricks to keep children engaged. Epstein provides a framework for creating powerful learning experiences for young children across the many domains of development. Countless children’s books offer beautiful lessons about friendship, acceptance, kindness and compassion. You can further teach historical topics by reading age-appropriate stories or bringing in “artifacts” from the past the children can examine. BrillKids' three core product offerings are Little Reader, Little Math, and Little Musician, which aim to help parents. 4 4. Aug 15, 2014 · A clear and thoughtful how-to guide to teaching young children. Back to Top. 96 upfront. B. 99/moper month. Alice: An Autistic Aardvark. Books that will help your child build the traits and skills that will set them on the path to becoming a courageous and positive leader. Young Children is NAEYC's award-winning, peer-reviewed journal focused on educating children from birth through third grade. Little Kids First BIg Book of Why 2 by Jill Esbaum. Oct 27, 2016 · Just as important is keeping in touch with the child's other teachers and regularly communicating with parents. Rooted in the latest and best research on early Jan 17, 2019 · Proverbs 1:7 – The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; Fools despise wisdom and instruction. Another wonderful title to add to your collection of books about respect for kids. Colorful, informative, and easy-to-read, TYC is packed full of teaching ideas, strategies, and tips. A few tips for teaching young piano players. Teaching Young Children: An Introduction 6th Edition is written by Michael L. Online: Subscribe using our online system. Paperback. It consists mostly of the mini-books and flashcards, which can be used as supplementary activities for your main lesson plan. 4 out of 5 stars 96 ratings Jun 28, 2021 · Similar to the book ‘ABC of Body Safety and Consent,’ this covers a range of age-appropriate topics but through the eyes of a girl named Izzy. Family Engagement. About this Book. How to Teach Kids the Trinity with an Apple Object Lesson. A perfect book for learning to show empathy for those who serve. Puppets are a great way to teach young children about sharing and other social-emotional skills, especially when used for role play. 5. teach their young child reading, math and music in a way that's engaging for the child, and easy for the. Box 96270, Washington, DC 20090-6270. Recognize when a child resolves a conflict, solves a problem, or clearly communicates an emotion. The debates are over―or they should be. The developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) framework recognizes the arts, which include art, music, theater, and dance, as part of a comprehensive curriculum. Jan 1, 2003 · Teaching techniques that helpboth new and experiencedteachers to communicatebetter with their children. The goal of this OER is to support students who wish to become early childhood educators and increase their knowledge of the theory and practices of the profession. Though teachers’ approaches may differ, the Resources / Publications / Young Children / Fall 2022. O. Ensuring that organizations are designed for the children they serve is at the heart of developmentally appropriate practice. 0 5. g. Early Childhood. This version is adapted from “Principles and Practices of Teaching Young Children,” an Open Educational Resources Publication by College of the Canyons, in Mar 11, 2019 · It’s an unbelievably easy object lesson for teaching young kids about the Trinity. Gaining an understanding of what is going on at home and in the kindergarten allows you to recognise how everyday events are affecting the children and their learning. Don’t forget the cousins: The cousins of “Please” and “Thank you,” that is. Creating Anti-Racist Early Childhood Spaces. Jun 4, 2012 · There are three considerations when addressing internet safety with these students. Early Learning and Care. Article. Resource. As more and more arrive, kids can use addition skills to keep track. Grounded in research and real work with children, then wrapped up and delivered with humility and humor, this book empowers teachers to foster critical thinking, empathy, and active citizenship. “Finding the tools to teach them Jun 28, 2024 · In this beautiful book, Stan and Jan Berenstain teach readers valuable lesson about respect and specifically about what it means to respect your elders. Contains Companion Materials. Oct 2, 2019 · For example, see “Young Children’s Ability to Read and Spell Their Own and Classmates’ Names: The Role of Letter Knowledge,” and “Letter names help children to connect print and speech. Save up to 80% versus print by going digital with VitalSource. Wahman Aug 25, 2008 · Techniques for Teaching Young Children is a unique introductory early childhood text specialising in skills and techniques. Henniger. Aug 4, 2022 · 6. Books of the Bible card game. nutn. A father and son go to visit the Vietnam Memorial and are told from the son's point of view. Printable study guides. Jun 16, 2016 · Here are five concrete ways of bringing discussions about bias and diversity into the elementary classroom. Viewpoint. Amazon. These rules make sure that readers and writers alike understand how text on the page should be read. 77, No. com We also recommend this article by Kara Hinderlie in Rethinking Schools, Black is Beautiful and this excerpt from the book Anti-Bias Education for Young Children and Ourselves by Louise Derman-Sparks and Julie Olsen Edwards, Teaching Young Children about Race: A Guide for Parents and Teachers. What is developmentally appropriate technology practice? Over the phone: Associates are available to take your order Monday through Friday, 9 am - 5 pm EST (800) 424-2460 or (202) 232-8777 select option 5. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2018-12-27 19:07:00 Nov 23, 2020 · Key Manners to Teach Your Child. Take a look at our book recommendations! For information about ordering our resources, please go here . zzzz. April 27, 1998, Longman. It is a relevant and useful resource that prepares higher education students and guides educators to promote health and well-being following the pandemic. Jennifer Grisham, Ed. 4 days ago · Introducing children to the idea of family history can open up further discussions about events that took place in the past and naturally segue into other historical topics. Jan 1, 2018 · Teaching Young Children in Multicultural Classrooms: Issues, Concepts, and Strategies (MindTap Course List) 5th Edition by Wilma Robles de Melendez (Author), Vesna Beck (Author) 4. Address media concerns with joy and creativity With these and more engaging insights, you’ll create and foster learning environments that promote equity for all. Judy Jablon is the founder and executive director of Leading for Children, a national nonprofit with the mission of providing the best possible early learning experiences for young children while creating environments where educators thrive. We advance a diverse early childhood profession and support all who care for, educate, and work on behalf of young children. Use puppets to act out scenarios where characters take turns, share toys or snacks, and are kind to Feb 26, 2018 · 1. Learn more about this effective formative assessment system, the research behind the AEPS or contact Dr. 2. Credit card orders only. Giving children practice modulating their motor behavior through song and dance helps to build the self-regulatory “muscle. Even very young kids can add a few strategic scribbles to turn a thumbprint into a cute animal or figure. Puppet Play. Goins. Learn More: Amazon. 15, No. AMAZON. June 1, 2021. Being kind means making space for everyone, as this “big, friendly umbrella” shows. It examines 26techniques ranging from simple ones suchas describing and listening to more Jun 14, 2022 · Teaching proper book handling skills means understanding the role print awareness plays. edu. See this list of books that will help young children build the traits A. As they hear the word of God, they will feel the Spirit. Each cluster article pairs essential math concepts This book equips educators with the tools to cultivate democratic life skills in young children, families, and themselves. Mar 28, 2007 · She is a national speaker for the Bureau of Education and Research on Response to Intervention implementation practices and is a coauthor of Teaching Young Children With ADHD: Successful Strategies and Practical Interventions for PreK-3, a book on classroom strategies for students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) published Jul 26, 2022 · Phillip Done is the author of the celebrated 32 Third Graders and One Class Bunny: Life Lessons from Teaching, Close Encounters of the Third-Grade Kind: Thoughts on Teacherhood, The Charms of Miss O'Hara: Tales of Gone with the Wind and the Golden Age of Hollywood from Scarlett's Little Sister, The Ornament Box: A Love Story, with a foreword by screen legend Debbie Reynolds, and his newest To help your children learn how God gave us the Book of Mormon, you could read parts of “The Testimony of the Prophet Joseph Smith” to them. Here’s the classic children’s story about overcoming food objections. (He's got photos, ☺). Throughout the book, children will learn about: safe and unsafe feelings; early warning signs; safety network Nov 5, 2015 · Exploring the effectiveness of picture books for teaching young children the concepts of environmental protection Ching-Yuan Hsiao Department of Early Childhood Education, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan Correspondence cyh111@mail. Monster Math by Anne Miranda. Not in Library. Proverbs 15:1 – A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Teaching nonfiction and fiction can provide new ways for children to embrace books and a love of learning! KEEP READING. What every preschool teacher needs! Filled with practical strategies and useful information on math and science, this book offers. August 21, 2020. Today’s emphasis on using children’s literature as a tool to teach reading and writing sub-skills distracts teachers’ attention from looking to children’s books for their historical role in helping children navigate the intellectual, social, and emotional terrains of childhood. In the words of one teacher: “My students could not believe we were able to Feb 29, 2008 · Teaching Young Children: An Introduction, Fourth Edition, is one of the most accessible introductory texts with a curriculum focus in the market. Learning center ideas. The Reading Strategies Book provides Fountas & Pinnell-aligned reading goals, reading techniques, prompts, and charts to help teachers improve their students’ reading skills. It is simply written and will help children to appreciate and empathize with those who served our country. 4. $44. Blog. (Preschool–first grade) Courtesy of Union Square & Co. Libraries near you: WorldCat. Personal Space Bubble – Each kid gets a hula hoop. Use inquiry and media-making to teach children about media. , stop–go, high–low, fast–slow, loud–soft) helps to build executive function skills in young children. The public recognition of picture bookmaking efforts The AEPS® 2nd edition is a highly respected curriculum-based assessment system designed for use in blended programs serving children from birth to six years. It examines 26 techniques ranging from simple Feb 24, 2023 · 1. Seuss. The children scramble down the steps of the bus, excited for their field trip to the Children’s Museum near their early With these three steps, you can embed Powerful Interactions in your daily work with children ages birth through 8: Step One: Be Present. fb cx hz co as es wl ef wd tn